Occupational Medicine 2004;54:35-41
© Society of Occupational Medicine 2004; all rights reserved
Psychological workload and body weight: is there an association? A review of the literature
1 School of Nursing and Radiography, Copenhagen County, Herlev, Denmark
2 Clinic of Occupational and Environmetal Health, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
3 Research Unit for Dietary Studies and the Danish Epidemiology Science Center at the Institute of Preventive Medicine, H:S Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
Background According to Karasek's Demand/Control Model, workload can be conceptualized as job strain, a combination of psychological job demands and control in the job. High job strain may result from high job demands combined with low job control.
Aim To give an overview of the literature on the association between obesity and psychological workload.
Method We carried out a review of the associations between psychological workload and body weight in men and women. In total, 10 cross-sectional studies were identified.
Results The review showed little evidence of a general association between psychological workload and body mass index. Only weak positive associations were found, and only between elements of psychological workload and overall body weight. For body fat distribution, two out of three studies showed a positive association in men, but the associations became insignificant after adjustment for education. For women, there was no evidence of a consistent association.
Conclusion The reviewed articles were not supportive of any associations between psychological workload and either general or abdominal obesity. Future epidemiological studies in this field should be prospective or experimental, and should examine how chronic work stress affects eating and to what extent initial body weight is a predictor for individual differences in perceived psychological workload.
Keywords Body mass index; body weight; job control; job demands; job strain; psychological workload; review; waist hip ratio
Received 3 December 2002
Revised 28 July 2003
Accepted 22 September 2003
Correspondence to: Dorthe Overgaard, Gormsvej 16 A, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Tel: + 45 46 36 43 53; e-mail: dovergaard{at}teliamail.dk
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