Occupational Medicine Advance Access originally published online on November 20, 2007
Occupational Medicine 2008 58(1):30-34; doi:10.1093/occmed/kqm118
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-deployment stress briefing: does it have an effect?
1 Department of Community Mental Health, PP6, Sunny Walk, HM Naval Base, Portsmouth PO1 3LT, UK
2 Academic Centre for Defence Mental Health, King's College and Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
3 Psychological Medicine, King's College, London, UK
4 King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College and Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
Background The role of giving information about stress and stress reactions to people about to be exposed to hazardous situations remains unclear. Such information might improve coping and hence resilience. Alternatively, it might increase the expectancy of experiencing adverse psychological consequences following exposure to a hazard.
Aim To determine the effect of a pre-operational stress briefing on health and occupational indices among Naval and Marine personnel who were subsequently deployed to the 2003 Iraq War.
Method Controlled, non-randomized, parallel group study. Mental health outcomes post-deployment were compared between those who received a pre-operational stress briefing and those who did not receive such a briefing.
Results Stress briefing attendees were slightly younger, more likely to be marines and to have been exposed to traumatic events than non-attendees. There were no significant differences between the two groups for the health outcomes of common mental health disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder or alcohol misuse. Attendees reported higher morale/cohesion but these differences disappeared following adjustment for demographic and military factors. No differences between the two groups were apparent for experiencing problems during or post-deployment or for marital satisfaction.
Conclusions We found no evidence that a pre-deployment stress briefing reduced subsequent medium-term psychological distress. On the other hand, we found no evidence of harm either. While only a randomized trial can give genuinely unbiased results, at present stress debriefing must be regarded as an unproven intervention, and it remains a matter of judgement as to whether or not it is indicated.
Keywords Mental fitness; military fitness; military personnel; psychoeducation; psychological briefing; stress briefing
Correspondence to: J. G. Sharpley, Department of Community Mental Health, PP6, Sunny Walk, HM Naval Base, Portsmouth PO1 3LT, UK. Tel: +44 2392 726256; e-mail: sharpleynj{at}aol.com