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Occupational Medicine 1995;45:147-150
© 1995 Society of Occupational Medicine

research-article

Environmental and biological monitoring of occupational exposure to 1,1,1 -trichloroethane

P. Tay*,, J. Pinnagoda*, C. T. Sam{dagger}, S. F. Ho*, K. T. Tan* and C. N. Ong{ddagger}

* Department of Industrial Health, Ministry of Labour Singapore
{dagger} Department of Scientific Services, Institute of Science and Forensic Medicine Singapore
{ddagger} Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore

Fifty workers involved in various degreasing and cleaning processes using 1,1,1-trichioroethane (1,1,1-TCE) were studied with respect to personal and static exposures. In addition, end-of-shift expired air and venous blood samples were taken for analysis of the parent compound. Urinary samples were also obtained at the same time for analysis of its metabolites - trichioroethanol (TCOH) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The results show that open/manual degreasing processes generate the highest environmental solvent levels (mean = 819.9 mg/m3; SD = 781.9 mg/m3) followed by jet-spray cleaning (mean = 460.5 mg/m3; SD = 292.4 mg/m3), vapour degreasing (mean = 365.3 mg/m3; SD = 279.9 mg/m3) and ultrasonic degreasing (mean = 134.7 mg/m3; SD = 121.0 mg/m3). Personal exposure levels were well correlated with concentrations of 1,1,1-TCE in end-of-shift expired air (r = 0.81) and venous blood samples (r = 0.88) but only moderately correlated with concentrations of its metabolites in urine (r = 0.49 for TCOH; r = 0.58 for TCA). Static (area) samples were poorly correlated with the biological exposure indices studied.

Correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr Peter Tay, Department of Industrial Health, Ministry of Labour Singapore, 18 Havelock Road, #05-01, MOL Building, Singapore 0105


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