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Occupational Medicine 2007 57(8):552-556; doi:10.1093/occmed/kqm110
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Occupational Medicine. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Active and passive immunity, vaccine types, excipients and licensing

David Baxter

Epidemiology and Health Sciences, Stopford Building, Manchester University Medical School, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK

Abstract Immunity is the state of protection against infectious disease conferred either through an immune response generated by immunization or previous infection or by other non-immunological factors. This article reviews active and passive immunity and the differences between them: it also describes the four different commercially available vaccine types (live attenuated, killed/inactivated, subunit and toxoid): it also looks at how these different vaccines generate an adaptive immune response.

Keywords      Active immunity; immunization; immunoglobulin preparations; passive immunity; vaccine excipients; vaccine licensing; vaccine types

Correspondence to: David N. Baxter, Epidemiology and Health Sciences, Stopford Building, Manchester University Medical School, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK. e-mail: baxter{at}nhs.net


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